![]() ![]() ![]() The goal of this project is to characterize the vertical hydraulic gradient at the sediment-water interface in Upper Klamath Lake and identify any spatial or temporal variability. In order to manage and restore lake water quality it is necessary to understand the processes that contribute to internal phosphorus loading and their relative magnitudes. It is also recognized that flux through the lake’s sediment is a potentially important but as yet uncharacterized source of phosphorus loading to the lake (“internal loading) that may help trigger and sustain algal blooms. In 2002, The Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (ODEQ) established a total maximum daily load (TMDL) management model that targeted a 40 percent reduction in phosphorus loading to Upper Klamath Lake from external sources in the drainage. HGL Elevation hp + hz Where: hp pressure head (m or ft) hz gravitational head (m or ft) Energy Grade Line Th Energy Grade Line is related to the hydraulic grade line in that it contains the velocity head as well. As is the case with surface water, or a ball rolling down a hill. The Hydraulic Grade Line is a graph of the pressure and gravitational heads plotted along the position of the pipeline or channel. Loadings of phosphorus and other nutrients to Upper Klamath Lake lead to dense, harmful algal blooms during the summer and degrade water quality and stress endangered fisheries. To first approximation, groundwater flows down-gradient (from high to low hydraulic head). In this situation, hydrostatic conditions exist. If water is not moving, the gradient is zero, and the value of head is the same everywhere. This gradient of mechanical energy is the driving force of groundwater flow. Then i hL/L and Darcy’s Law can be given as Q KAi. The symbol i is often used to represent the hydraulic gradient. The slope of the hydraulic grade line is hL/L and is often called the hydraulic gradient. Management of Upper Klamath Lake depends on adequate knowledge of inputs to the lake of both water and nutrients. The difference in the hydraulic head over a distance along the flow path is defined as the hydraulic gradient, h / L. That height of the water in the peizometer above the flowing liquid is equal to P/ at any point in the flow field. ![]()
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